Evaluating diverse systems of tobacco genetic resistance to Phytophthora nicotianae in Yunnan,China

Black shank, caused by the soilborne pathogen Phytophthora nicotianae, is one of the most devastating diseases affecting tobacco production in China. The most effective strategy for reducing economic loss from this pathogen is development and use of resistant tobacco varieties. Multiple sources and systems of resistance have been developed in the Western Hemisphere; however, populations of P. nicotianae are variable around the world, including the predominance of different races. Different P. nicotianae isolates may react differently on tobacco plants with different systems of resistance, a possibility that could complicate the breeding of cultivars with resistance that is effective in different tobacco production regions worldwide. The objective of this research was to evaluate an array of tobacco germplasm possessing different systems of genetic resistance to black shank disease in tobacco-growing regions of Yunnan, China. Resistance types included simply inherited resistance mechanisms introgressed from wild Nicotiana relatives and polygenic partial resistance systems of N. tabacum origin. The loci of Wz exhibited high level resistance to black shank in the five diverse disease environments in Yunnan, China. K326 Php/−Wz/− genotype and Beinhart 1000 exhibited the greatest levels of resistance in both 2015 and 2016. Field observed results for 13 tobacco genotypes were highly correlated with those tested in growth chamber evaluation. These findings suggest that both Wz− and Beinhart 1000-mediated resistance have important commercial value in flue-cured tobacco breeding programmes in China. Cultivars developed for black shank resistance in China may also have utility in other tobacco-growing areas.     

没食子酸对水稻细菌性条斑病防治作用的持效期

利用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)检测没食子酸(gallic acid,简称GA)在水稻叶片上的残留时间,并在检测水稻叶片上残留量的同时接种病原菌,调查接种后水稻细菌性条斑病的发病情况,以确定GA在水稻叶片上对水稻细菌性条斑病防治作用的持效期。研究结果表明,GA不具有内渗作用,只残留在水稻叶片的表面。分别用100、200和400 mg/L的浓度处理叶片后,GA在叶片表面的残留时间分别为16、24和28 d。200 mg/L浓度处理叶片后,GA对水稻细菌性条斑病防治作用的持效期为16 d。研究结果可为有效使用GA防治水稻细菌性条斑病奠定基础。     

薄皮甜瓜新品种‘陕甜9号’

‘陕甜9号’是用‘E13’作母本,‘C20’作父本杂交育成优质抗病薄皮甜瓜新品种。植株生长势中强,果实短梨形,平均单果质量500 g,果皮光滑,黄白色,果肉浅绿至白色,中心可溶性固形物含量14.7%,耐贮运。全生育期85～100 d,果实发育期28～32 d,抗病、抗逆性较强。适应于黑龙江、河北、甘肃、新疆等地区保护地及露地栽培。     

All-trans retinoic acid attenuates blood-brain barrier injury induced by cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats through JNK/P38 MAPK signaling pathway

AIM: To investigate the effect of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on blood-brain barrier after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (CIR) injury in rats and its possible role mechanism.METHODS: Male SD rats were randomly divided into sham group, model (CIR) group and CIR+ATRA (10, 30 and 90 mg/kg) groups. The rat model of CIR injury was established by MCAO thread occlusion method. After ischemia for 1.5 h and reperfusion for 24 h, the neurological functional behavioral score, cerebral infarction volume, brain water content and Evans blue content were determined. The activity of matrix metalloprotein-9 (MMP-9) was measured by gelatin zymography. The protein levels of claudin-5, occludin, ZO-1, JNK, p-JNK, P38, p-P38 and MMP-9 in the brain tissues were determined by Western blot.RESULTS: Compared with CIR model group, ATRA at 30 mg/kg significantly improved neurological function, and decreased cerebral infarction volume, brain water content, Evans blue content and the degradation of tight junction proteins in ischemic area (P<0.01). The activity and protein expression of MMP-9 in ischemic brain tissue were decreased (P<0.01). The phosphorylation of JNK and P38 was inhibited and the protein levels of p-JNK and p-P38 were decreased (P<0.01).CONCLUSION: ATRA reduces the damage of brain tissue and the destruction of blood-brain barrier induced by CIR in rats. The protective effect may be related to inhibiting the activation of JNK/P38 MAPK signaling pathway and MMP-9.     

辣椒新品种天椒16 号的选育

天椒16 号是以45-2-1-1-1-1 为母本，以76-1-1-1-1-1 为父本配制而成的辣椒一代杂种。中熟，始花节位为第 10～12 节。果实羊角形，青熟果深绿色，果面皱，果长25.56 cm，果径5.83 cm，单果质量103.8 g，辣味淡，具有良好的商 品性。每667 m² 产量可达5 000 kg 以上，田间对辣椒病毒病、疫病、炭疽病和白粉病的抗性强于对照陇椒2 号。适宜在甘 肃省进行保护地和露地栽培。     

黄瓜新品种京研春秋绿2 号的选育

京研春秋绿2 号是以10-c66 为母本、10-c11-29 为父本配制而成的春、秋保护地和露地兼用的黄瓜一代杂种。瓜条棒状，长35～36 cm，瓜色亮绿，有光泽，白刺，刺瘤中等大小，棱浅，果肉绿色，风味佳、品质优。抗枯萎病，中抗霜霉病，耐白粉病。北方地区春保护地栽培产量为5 000～6 500 kg·（667 m²）^-1，秋保护地栽培产量4 000～5 000 kg·（667 m²）^-1，适宜华北、东北、西北春、秋保护地和露地栽培。     

中晚熟大白菜新品种玉莲1 号的选育

玉莲1 号是以自交不亲和系玉田包尖S05-8 为母本，自交不亲和系莲舒S05-23 为父本杂交后选育而成的直筒中晚 熟大白菜一代杂种。生育期80～85 d（天），植株为直筒型，绿白帮，叶色深，株高约48 cm，开展度62 cm 左右，叶片光亮， 略带褶皱，外叶直立。球心叶黄绿色，球高43 cm、粗15 cm，单球质量2.4 kg，一般每667 m² 产量8 800 kg。耐贮藏，叶球柔 软，风味品质好。田间对抗病毒病、霜霉病、软腐病、干烧心的抗性好于对照津绿75。适宜辽宁、吉林及相似生态区种植。     

不同用量纳米材料对生菜种子发芽的影响

以意大利生菜和红脆香生菜种子为试验材料,研究不同用量石墨相氮化碳纳米材料(0、50、100、150、200 mg/L)对2种生菜种子萌发的影响。结果表明:纳米材料用量在50～150 mg/L时对2种生菜发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数均有促进作用,用量在100 mg/L时,意大利生菜的发芽率、发芽指数最高;用量在150 mg/L时,红脆香生菜发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数最高。纳米材料用量达到200 mg/L时,对生菜种子萌发的促进效果减小,甚至出现抑制萌发的现象。较高用量(150、200 mg/L)的纳米材料可以促进生菜胚根的伸长,用量在150 mg/L时,意大利生菜胚根最长,比对照(CK)增加了24.80%;用量在200 mg/L时,红脆香生菜胚根最长,比对照增加了37.20%。施加纳米材料对生菜胚芽长度的影响不显著。总之,纳米材料用量在50～150 mg/L时,可以促进生菜种子的萌发;较高用量(150、200 mg/L)的纳米材料可以促进生菜种子胚根的伸长;施加纳米材料对胚芽长的影响不显著。     

乌鲁木齐市冬春两季宠物源葡萄球菌的耐药性及耐药基因比较

采用琼脂稀释法,检测从乌鲁木齐市部分宠物医院冬季和春季分离鉴定的154株宠物源葡萄球菌(冬季75株、春季79株)对临床常用的12种抗菌药物(阿米卡星、克林霉素、硫酸庆大霉素、氟苯尼考、四环素、利福平、恩诺沙星、青霉素、苯唑西林、阿莫西林/克拉维酸、头孢噻呋、左氧氟沙星)的耐药性;通过卡方检验,比较供试菌耐药性差异;采用PCR方法,检测葡萄球菌的5类9种耐药基因。对抗菌药物的耐药结果显示:冬季葡萄球菌对苯唑西林和青霉素的耐药率高于90.0%,对头孢噻呋和四环素的耐药率高于50.0%;春季葡萄球菌对左氧氟沙星耐药率达92.4%,对苯唑西林和氟苯尼考耐药率高于80.0%。卡方检验结果显示:冬季葡萄球菌仅对苯唑西林的耐药率显著高于春季葡萄球菌(P0.05);春季葡萄球菌对氟苯尼考、利福平、左氧氟沙星、恩诺沙星和阿莫西林/克拉维酸的耐药率均显著高于冬季葡萄球菌(P0.05)。多药耐药差异性结果显示:冬季葡萄球菌多药耐药集中在1～3耐;春季葡萄球菌多药耐药集中在4、6、9耐。基因检测结果显示:冬季葡萄球菌主要检出的基因有ermB(40.0%,30/75)和fexA(22.7%,17/75);春季葡萄球菌主要检出的基因有fexA(39.3%,31/79)和femA(20.3%,16/79),冬、春季葡萄球菌均未检出cfr、fexB和tetA基因。     

品种间大豆脂肪氧化酶活性差异及β-胡萝卜素漂白性研究

为了解东北地区大豆品种间大豆脂肪氧化酶(LOX)活性差异规律,整理适于东北地区种植的大豆种质资源307份(6份半野生品种,17份地方品种及4份国外品种,其余为栽培品种),统一种植,秋季收获后,测定各品种成熟籽粒脂肪氧化酶总活性。分析品种间脂肪氧化酶总活性分布规律、大豆脂肪氧化酶总活性与β-胡萝卜素漂白性之间关系。结果表明,307份大豆品种间脂肪氧化酶总活性差异极显著,平均值为21.68 U·mL~(-1),最小值为2.51 U·mL~(-1),最大值为42.38 U·mL~(-1)。根据脂肪氧化酶总活性差异,通过聚类分析将307份大豆品种分为3类。低活性品种占总量43.65%,脂肪氧化酶总活性平均值为15.25 U·mL~(-1);中等活性品种占总量43.97%,脂肪氧化酶活性平均值为24.64 U·mL~(-1);高活性品种占总量12.38%,脂肪氧化酶总活性平均值为33.87 U·mL~(-1)。脂肪氧化酶总活性与油分含量呈正相关,与蛋白含量呈负相关,与漂白性呈正相关。